期刊名称：ANNUAL REVIEW OF VIROLOGY
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About the journal
The Annual Review of Virology captures and communicates exciting advances in our understanding of viruses of animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa. Reviews highlight new ideas and directions in basic virology, viral disease mechanisms, virus-host interactions, and cellular and immune responses to virus infection, and reinforce the position of viruses as uniquely powerful probes of cellular function.
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Our goal for this new resource is to develop reviews with broad appeal by incorporating a variety of enhanced features. These will include interactive graphics, visual aids, slide sets, and video (e.g., interviews, mini-lectures, and demonstrations).
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For any questions regarding your review, please contact your Production Editor. Contact information for AR Staff, Board Members, Editorial Committee Members, and Production Editors is available via the Annual Reviews Directory. General contact information is also available.
Editorial Board
Editorial Committee
Lynn W. Enquist (Editor)
Terence S. Dermody (Associate Editor)
Daniel DiMaio (Associate Editor)
Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
Paul Ahlquist
Ann Arvin
Hung Fan
Michael M. Goodin
Graham F. Hatfull
Harmit S. Malik
Julie Pfeiffer
Erica Ollmann Saphire
Paula Traktman
Annual Review of Virology journal homepage
Lynn W. Enquist
Dr. Lynn W. Enquist is Henry L. Hillman Professor in Molecular Biology and Professor in the Princeton Neuroscience Institute at Princeton University. He received his BS degree in bacteriology at South Dakota State University in 1967 and his PhD in microbiology from Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, in 1971 with Dr. S. Gaylen Bradley, studying streptomyces biology. He did postdoctoral training at the Roche Institute of Molecular Biology, studying bacteriophage ? replication and recombination with Dr. Ann Skalka, and then served in the Public Health Service from 1973 to 1981. Subsequently, he studied bacteriophage site-specific recombination and the development of recombinant DNA technology as a senior staff fellow at the National Institutes of Health, in the laboratory of Dr. Philip Leader and working with Dr. Robert Weisberg.
In 1977, Dr. Enquist accepted a tenured staff position in the National Cancer Institute; there, he continued the development of recombinant DNA technology and also began his work on neurotropic herpesviruses. Dr. George VandeWoude was his lab chief. He left the National Cancer Institute a few years later to become the research director at Molecular Genetics Incorporated in Minnetonka, Minnesota, where he worked on recombinant DNA–based viral vaccines. In 1984, he joined DuPont as a research leader and ran a laboratory studying neurotropic viruses. He later joined the DuPont Merck Pharmaceutical Company, where he was a senior research fellow working on developing neurotropic viruses as tools for gene therapy and for studying the mammalian nervous system. In 1993, Dr. Enquist accepted a position as a tenured full professor in the Department of Molecular Biology at Princeton University. He was chair of the department from 2004 to 2013.
Dr. Enquist is a member of Phi Kappa Phi and Sigma Xi. He co-taught the Advanced Bacterial Genetics course at Cold Spring Harbor from 1981 to 1985. He teaches an undergraduate course in virology at Princeton and won the President’s Award for Teaching Excellence in 2004. He has supervised 50 undergraduates, 31 postdoctoral fellows, and 23 graduate students. With three other virologists, he is a coauthor of the popular virology textbook Principles of Virology (ASM Press). In 2013, he received an honorary doctorate degree from the University of Ghent, Belgium. He was editor in chief of the Journal of Virology from 2002 to 2012 and is on the editorial board of the journal Neurovirology. He served on the editorial committee of the Annual Review of Microbiology and is the founding editor of the Annual Review of Virology (2014).
Dr. Enquist is a member of the American Society for Microbiology (ASM), the American Society for Virology (ASV), and the Society for Neuroscience and a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology and the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He has served on the board of directors of AAAS and as president of ASV. In 2014, he became president-elect of ASM. He has been a member of the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity and the Scientific Council of the Pasteur Institute. In 2005, he was awarded a Javitz Neuroscience Investigator Award in 2005; in 2010, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Dr. Enquist’s research interests are in the field of neurovirology—specifically, the mechanisms of herpesvirus spread and pathogenesis in the mammalian nervous system. His laboratory focuses on understanding the molecular mechanisms by which neuroinvasive alphaherpesviruses invade and spread in the mammalian nervous system and how the nervous system responds to infection. His laboratory develops and uses imaging technology to define the molecular mechanisms of neuronal spread and subsequent pathogenesis. His work has also led to the development of these viruses as tools to trace neuronal circuitry in living animals. He has published 240 peer-reviewed papers, reviews, and books as well as 4 patents.
Terence S. Dermody
Dr. Terence S. Dermody is the Dorothy Overall Wells Professor of Pediatrics and Director of the Medical Scientist Training Program and Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine. He also is Professor of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology at Vanderbilt and Adjunct Professor of Biomedical Sciences at Meharry Medical College.
Dr. Dermody received his BS degree from Cornell University in 1978 and his MD degree from Columbia University in 1982. He completed an internal medicine residency at Presbyterian Hospital in New York in 1985 and fellowships in infectious diseases and molecular virology at Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School in 1988. He was an Instructor in Medicine at Harvard from 1988 to 1990. Dr. Dermody joined the Department of Pediatrics at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine in 1990.
Dr. Dermody is a virologist with interests in viral pathogenesis and vaccine development. Most of his research has focused on reovirus, an important experimental model for studies of viral encephalitis, and chikungunya virus, an emerging arthropod-borne alphavirus that causes epidemics of febrile arthritis. His research contributions have come in understanding how these viruses enter into host cells and cause organ-specific disease. He has published more than 200 articles, reviews, and chapters, and his work is supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health and the Lamb Foundation. Dr. Dermody has been recognized for his research accomplishments by the Vanderbilt Ernest W. Goodpasture Faculty Research Award and an NIH MERIT Award.
Dr. Dermody is engaged in teaching students, residents, and fellows at Vanderbilt. He lectures in microbiology courses for graduate students and serves as director of the Virology Section of the Microbes and Immunity course for medical students. He has trained 30 graduate students and 19 postdoctoral fellows in his laboratory (inclusive of current trainees), and he attends on the pediatric infectious diseases consult service at Vanderbilt Children’s Hospital. His teaching efforts have been recognized by several awards, including a Vanderbilt University Chair of Teaching Excellence. He is a founding member of the Vanderbilt Teaching Academy.
Dr. Dermody is a member of the American Academy of Microbiology, American Pediatrics Society, American Society for Clinical Investigation, Association of American Physicians, and Society for Pediatric Research and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He is a past president of the American Society for Virology, chair of the Virology Division of the International Union of Microbiological Societies, and chair of the AAMC GREAT Group MD/PhD Section Steering Committee. Dr. Dermody is an editor for the Journal of Virology and mBio and an associate editor for the Annual Review of Virology.
Daniel DiMaio
Dr. Daniel DiMaio is Waldemar von Zedtwitz Professor and Vice-Chairman of Genetics at the Yale University School of Medicine, and the Scientific Director and Deputy Director of the Yale Comprehensive Cancer Center. He is also a Professor of Therapeutic Radiology and of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry at Yale.
After graduating from Yale College summa cum laude in 1974, Dr. DiMaio earned both MD and PhD degrees from John Hopkins University School of Medicine, where he carried out dissertation research with Dr. Daniel Nathans. Following a postdoctoral fellowship at Harvard with Dr. Tom Maniatis, he joined the Yale faculty in 1983. He is the director of the Division of Biological Sciences at Yale University and the principal investigator on the National Cancer Institute–funded Program Project Grant entitled “Molecular Basis of Viral and Cellular Transformation.” Dr. DiMaio has served as a senior editor and cover editor of the Journal of Virology, a member of the editorial committee of the Annual Review of Microbiology, and an associate editor of the Annual Review of Virology. He currently serves on the board of scientific advisors of the National Cancer Institute.
Dr. DiMaio is an expert in molecular and viral oncology. By gaining insights into the molecular biology of carcinogenesis and cell growth, Dr. DiMaio hopes to develop new approaches to prevent or treat cancer and other diseases. His laboratory demonstrated that the bovine papillomavirus E5 gene transforms cells by activating the cellular PDGF receptor in a ligand-independent fashion, and that continuous expression of human papillomavirus oncogenes is required to maintain the proliferative state of cervical cancer cells. He has developed a new system to study cellular senescence, an important tumor suppressor mechanism, by manipulating the expression of viral oncogenes in cancer cells. He is also exploiting his understanding of viral transmembrane proteins to develop novel methods to influence cellular phenotype and virus replication and is using genetic techniques to identify cellular genes required for tumor virus infection.
His honors include a Swebilius Cancer Research Award, an NIH MERIT Award, and the Mallinckrodt Scholar Award. Dr. DiMaio chaired the DNA Virus Division of the American Society for Microbiology and was elected a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology, and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 2001, he was named the Outstanding Mentor in the Natural Sciences by the Yale University Graduate School of Arts and Sciences. He is also an honorary professor at University College London.
Mavis Agbandje-McKenna
Dr. Mavis Agbandje-McKenna is professor in the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Florida. She is also the director of the Center for Structural Biology within the College of Medicine.
Dr. Agbandje-McKenna received her BSc degree in human biology and chemistry from the University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK, in 1985 and her PhD in biophysics from the University of London, UK, in 1989 under the direction of Professor Stephen Neidle. From 1989 to 1992, she was a postdoctoral research fellow in the Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Indiana, under the direction of Professor Michael Rossmann. At Purdue she rose to the rank of Assistant Scientist by 1993. This is where she received her training in structural virology, particularly X-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction (Cryo-EM) applications. In 1995, she joined the Department of Biological Sciences at the University of Warwick, England, UK, as an independent research fellow. In 1999 she became an Assistant Professor at the University of Florida (UF), rose to the rank of Associate Professor in 2005, and Professor in 2009.
Dr. Agbandje-McKenna is a structural virologist with an interest in structure-function characterization for ssDNA viruses, specifically the Circoviridae, Geminiviridae, Microviridae, and Parvoviridae. Her laboratory uses structural biology and biophysical tools combined with biochemistry, molecular biology, and in vivo models to study the capsid properties and interactions as it performs during the steps involved in host cell infection, including receptor recognition and attachment, trafficking through the endo/lysosomal pathway, uncoating, assembly, genome packaging, and interaction with the host immune system. The goal is to obtain information applicable toward the fundamental understanding of host/tissue tropism, pathogenicity determination, and capsid-mediated host adaptation. The ultimate goal is to apply the data for the development of disease treatment strategies in the form of virus capsid assembly disruptors and therapeutic gene delivery vectors for the treating monogenic diseases.
Dr. Agbandje-McKenna is also actively involved in the training of high school, undergraduate, and graduate students, and postdoctoral fellows. She has mentored 25 high school students, 59 (8 are current) undergraduate students, 17 (6 are current) graduate students, and 8 (3 are current) postdoctoral fellows. Her teaching efforts have been recognized by several awards, including being selected as a “You Made a Difference” Faculty Honoree by the UF Class of 2004, the HHMI Distinguished Mentor Award (2006), and the UF College of Medicine Outstanding Teacher Award and/or Exemplary Teacher Award (2008 – 2014).
Dr. Agbandje-McKenna serves on numerous committees at UF as well as at the national level. At UF she is a member of the UF College of Medicine Diversity Committee and Health Science Centre Equity and Diversity Board. At the national level, she has served as a member of NIH and NSF grant review panels and she is a current a member of NIH NAAIDC. She is currently a member of the ASGCT Viral Gene Transfer Vectors Committee, ASV Program Committee (Virus Structure and Assembly), CHESS External Advisory Committee, and ICTV Parvoviridae Study Group, in addition to serving as an Editorial Committee Member for the Annual Review of Virology.
Paul Ahlquist
Dr. Paul Ahlquist is the Paul Kaesberg Professor of Molecular Virology and Oncology at the University of Wisconsin – Madison School of Medicine and Public Health. He is a member of the McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, and the co-leader of the Human Cancer Virology Program and a member of the Executive Committee at the University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center. He also is a Professor of Plant Pathology in the University of Wisconsin College of Agricultural and Life Sciences. Beyond the University, he is an Investigator of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and the John and Jeanne Rowe Chair of Virology and the Lead Scientist for Virology of the Morgridge Institute for Research, another private biomedical research institute.
Dr. Ahlquist received his BS degree in physics from Iowa State University and his PhD in biophysics from the University of Wisconsin – Madison. After postdoctoral work, he joined the University of Wisconsin – Madison faculty in 1984. He is a member and former chair of the Institute for Molecular Virology, and in addition to various prior teaching contributions currently leads a general virology graduate course that was originated by Dr. Howard Temin.
Dr. Ahlquist is a member of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He also has received an NIH MERIT Award, an NSF Presidential Young Investigator Award, and the van Arkel Honorary Chair in Biochemistry of Leiden University, The Netherlands. He has served on the Executive Committees of the American Society for Virology and the International Commission for Taxonomy of Viruses. He has participated in organizing a number of meetings, including the first two of the annual Japanese—American Frontiers of Science Symposia sponsored by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Japanese Science and Technology agency.
Dr. Ahlquist’s research interests involve the molecular mechanisms of virus replication and host interactions. His group produced the first infectious transcripts from cloned RNA virus cDNA, a generalizable approach for genetically manipulating RNA viruses, and the first systematic, genome-wide analysis of host factors in the replication of a virus. He and his co-workers have defined many aspects of the molecular and cellular biology of positive-strand RNA virus genome replication. With various collaborators, they also have identified new host functions; replication steps and antiviral targets in the replication of HIV, influenza virus, hepatitis B virus, and human papillomavirus; and characterized genome-wide molecular changes in human cancers induced by papillomavirus and Epstein-Barr virus.
Ann Arvin
Dr. Ann M. Arvin is the Lucile Salter Packard Professor in Pediatrics and Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at Stanford University School of Medicine.
Dr. Arvin graduated from Brown University (AB, magna cum laude), completed an MA degree in philosophy at Brandeis University, and received her MD degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1972. She did her postdoctoral clinical training in pediatric infectious diseases at Stanford University School of Medicine and the University of California San Francisco, and her laboratory research training with Dr. Thomas Merigan at Stanford. She was appointed to the faculty at Stanford in 1978. Dr. Arvin was chief of the Infectious Diseases Division, Pediatrics, and the Packard Children’s Hospital from 1984-2006 and she has held the Stanford university-wide position of Vice Provost and Dean of Research since 2006.
Dr. Arvin’s basic research focuses on the molecular virology and pathogenesis of varicella-zoster virus (VZV), a medically important herpesvirus that causes varicella (chickenpox) and zoster (shingles). Her laboratory pioneered a severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model of VZV pathogenesis and has used this approach to define viral gene functions required for infection of skin, T cells and neurons, cell-type specific regulation of viral gene expression by host factors, novel immunoevasion mechanisms. Discoveries about VZV infection include that chickenpox results from the capacity of VZV to infect T cells, which results in changes that enhance skin homing and delivery of the virus to skin, and that VZV establishes persistence in neurons without adaptive immune control. Studies of VZV and genetically engineered VZV mutants with targeted disruptions of coding and promoter sequences have revealed many viral and host proteins important or essential for VZV replication in differentiated host cells within their intact tissue microenvironments in vivo. Work in this model has demonstrated that the live attenutated VZV vaccines in clinical use are attenuated for infection of skin but not T cells and neurons and identified mutations that inhibit lymphotropism and neurotropism, which is relevant for designing second-generation vaccines. In her clinical research, Dr. Arvin documented the importance of cellular immunity for varicella vaccine protection and provided proof of concept for vaccine prevention of zoster, using inactivated VZV vaccine in high-risk patients. In an early study, she reported that most transmission of herpes simplex virus from mothers to infants was due to asymptomatic maternal infection, redirecting preventive efforts to mothers with no prior history of genital herpes. She showed that infants develop measles-specific T cell immunity when vaccinated while maternal antibodies are still present, resulting in a new understanding of the roles of T cell and humoral immunity in infancy and providing an immunologic rationale for early measles vaccination of infants in developing countries. In the course of her research, Dr. Arvin has mentored 26 Ph.D. graduate students and postdoctoral fellows in basic virology and 8 infectious disease postdoctoral fellows in viral vaccine research.
Dr. Arvin’s contributions have been recognized by her election to the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences (2003) and the American Academy of Arts & Sciences (2012). She has received numerous honors for basic and translational research, including the E. Mead Johnson Award for Pediatric Research and the John Enders Award in Virology, Infectious Diseases Society of America. She is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and was elected Medical Sciences section chair, as well as the American Academy of Microbiology, the American Pediatric Society, the Infectious Diseases Society of America, and the Association of American Physicians.
Her recent and current national service includes the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology working group on H1N1 influenza, the IOM Committee on the Scientific Uses of Variola Virus (chair), the National Academy of Sciences Board on Life Sciences, the Institute Director’s Advisory Council of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Academy/NRC Committee on Responsible Science, and the National Academy Committee on Science, Technology and Law.
Hung Fan
Dr. Hung Y. Fan is a professor and Director of the Cancer Research Institute at the University of California, Irvine (UCI). He received his undergraduate training at Purdue, and a PhD in Biology from MIT. After postdoctoral studies in retrovirology at MIT, he was on the research faculty at the Salk Institute before joining UCI. His research interests have focused on the molecular biology and pathogenesis of retroviruses, including murine leukemia virus, jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, SIV, HIV, and HTLV. He has served on and chaired the NIH Virology Study Section, and was an editor of the Journal of Virology. He is an elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and the American Academy of Microbiology.
Michael M. Goodin
Michael Goodin is an Associate Professor of Plant Pathology at the University of Kentucky (UK). He also serves as Co-Director of Undergraduate Studies for the baccalaureate Agricultural Biotechnology (ABT) Program at UK. Additionally, he is Director of the UK-Plant Biological Imaging Facility.
Born in Kingston, Jamaica, Goodin received his Bachelor’s degree in Biology and Chemistry from Brock University in Canada. He obtained his MS and PhD degrees in plant pathology from The Pennsylvania State University, for which he characterized the double-stranded RNA etiologic virus of La France disease of the cultivated mushroom, Agaricus bisporus. Goodin then conducted postdoctoral research at the University of California, Berkeley, where he initiated his research in plant virology.
The Goodin laboratory is recognized internationally for the application of live-cell microscopy to investigate the cellular biology of plant-adapted rhabdoviruses, and related negative-strand RNA viruses. Various seminal contributions from the Goodin laboratory relate to the mechanism of nuclear import of viral proteins and the ability of viral matrix proteins to modify nuclear membranes and to identify host factors implicated in the cell-to-cell movement of these rhabdoviruses. Additionally, the Goodin laboratory has generated many resources for the plant biology community including Nicotiana benthamiana marker lines that express fluorescent proteins targeted to a variety of subcellular loci, as well as a popular series of expression vectors to support studies of protein localization and interactions in plants. His most recent international collaborations focus primarily on the characterization of emerging viruses in coffee (Coffea arabica) in Brazil. Research in the Goodin lab has been supported at various times by funding from the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, the United States Department of Agriculture, and other funding agencies.
Goodin has received many awards in recognition of his excellent teaching and research efforts including “A Teacher Who Made a Difference Award” in 2012 and UK-Outstanding Teacher Award in 2014. Goodin was a plenary speaker at the 2011 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Virology, the 2013 South African Society for Microbiology and the 2014 South Eastern Regional Virology Conference. He serves on the editorial board of Molecular Plant Pathology and the Annual Review of Virology. He serves on the University of Kentucky Undergraduate Council, the UK-College of Agriculture Food and Environment (CAFE) Advisory Committee for Diversity and the recently formed UK-CAFE Committee for Student Retention. He currently has a three year Visiting Faculty appointment at the Universidade Federal de Lavras (UFLA), Brazil, where his participation is supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior.
Graham F. Hatfull
Dr. Graham Hatfull is Professor of Biological Sciences at the University of Pittsburgh, the Eberly Family Professor of Biotechnology, and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Professor. He received a BSc (Hons) degree in biological sciences from Westfield College, University of London in 1978, and a PhD in Molecular Biology from Edinburgh University in 1981. He did postdoctoral work at Yale University in the Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry with Dr. Nigel Grindley, and at the Medical Research Council at Cambridge University with Drs. Fred Sanger and Bart Barrell. He has been at the University of Pittsburgh since 1988 and served as Chair of the Department of Biological Sciences from 2003 to 2011. As an HHMI Professor beginning in 2002, Dr. Hatfull developed the Phage Hunters Integrating Research and Education (PHIRE) program at the University of Pittsburgh, which served as a model for the nationally implemented HHMI Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Science (SEA-PHAGES) program that introduces freshman undergraduate students to authentic scientific research in a two-term course. The SEA-PHAGES program involves more than 80 institutions across the US and over 2,000 freshman undergraduate students each year.
Dr. Hatfull’s research focuses on the molecular genetics of the mycobacteria and their bacteriophages. These studies take advantage of the intimacy of phage-host interactions to gain insights into the genetics and physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human TB. The PHIRE and SEA-PHAGES programs have facilitated collection of a large number of completely sequenced mycobacteriophage genomes, providing key insights into viral diversity and evolution. The phages also provide a rich toolbox of new approaches to understanding M. tuberculosis, including development of vector systems, selectable markers, recombineering strategies, expression tools, and insights into mycobacterial physiology and pathogenesis.
Dr. Hatfull is a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology, a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a teaching fellow of the National Academy of Science. He has mentored 20 Ph.D. students, more than 100 undergraduate student researchers, and 16 postdoctoral associates. He has received funding from the National Institutes of Health, the National Science Foundation, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. Dr. Hatfull has received the University of Pittsburgh Chancellor’s Distinguished Research Award at both the junior and senior level, the University of Pittsburgh Chancellor’s Distinguished Teaching Award, the Carski Teaching Award from the American Society for Microbiology, and holds the Eberly Family Professorship in Biotechnology. He serves on the Editorial Boards of Gene, Journal of Bacteriology, CBE Life Sciences Education, and the Annual Reviews of Virology.
Harmit S. Malik
Dr. Harmit Malik is a Howard Hughes Medical Investigator and a Full member in the Basic Sciences Division at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, WA. He is also an adjunct professor in the Department of Genome Sciences at the University of Washington in Seattle, WA.
Dr. Malik completed his undergraduate Bachelor of Technology degree in chemical engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology in Mumbai, India in 1993. He then trained on the evolutionary strategies of retrotransposons under the mentorship of Dr. Thomas Eickbush at the University of Rochester (Rochester, NY) supported by a University Sproull fellowship. He received his Ph.D. in biology in 1999. He then went on to complete his postdoctoral research at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center under Dr. Steven Henikoff studying the evolution of centromeres and centromeric proteins, supported by a Helen Hay Whitney Fellowship. After completing his postdoctoral work, Dr. Malik joined the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center as an Assistant Member in 2003, also becoming an assistant adjunct professor at the University of Washington.
Since 2003 Dr. Malik has continued work in computational and evolutionary molecular biology. His lab uses evolution-guided functional approaches in collaboration with his FHCRC colleagues Michael Emerman, Adam Geballe, and Denise Galloway, to dissect host-virus interactions, their evolutionary arms races and origins of genetic innovation in retroviruses, poxviruses and polyomaviruses. Together with Michael Emerman, he proposed the use of ancient signatures of evolution in host genes to study ancient viruses, i.e., paleovirology.
Dr. Malik’s honors include a Sloan fellowship (2004), a Kimmel Scholar award in Cancer Research (2004), a Searle Scholars Award (2005), a Burroughs Wellcome Investigator in Pathogensis Award (2007), a Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering (2009), and a Vilcek Prize in Creative Promise (2010). In addition to the Annual Review of Virology, Dr. Malik serves on the editorial boards of Mobile DNA; PLOS Biology; and PLOS Genetics, where he also previously served as Section Editor for Evolution (2008-2012). Currently, he is on the scientific advisory boards of the Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology and the Searle Scholars Foundation, and an elected Council member in the Society for Molecular Biology & Evolution (SMBE). He is a member of SMBE, Genetics Society of America (GSA), and American Societies for Microbiology and Virology.
Julie Pfeiffer
Dr. Julie Pfeiffer is an Associate Professor of Microbiology at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center in Dallas.
She received a BA in microbiology from Miami University in 1996 with Departmental Honors. She earned a PhD in microbiology from the University of Michigan in 2001. Her thesis work on retroviral recombination was performed in the laboratory of Dr. Alice Telesnitsky and earned the MacNeal Distinguished Thesis Award. From 2001 through 2005, she performed postdoctoral research in Dr. Karla Kirkegaard’s laboratory at Stanford University where she was supported by a fellowship by the Damon Runyon Cancer Research Foundation. Her postdoctoral work identified the first high fidelity RNA virus mutant and determined that this virus was attenuated in animals due to reduced adaptability. She also identified host barriers that limit viral dissemination in mice.
In 2006, Dr. Pfeiffer started her independent laboratory at UT Southwestern with a focus on RNA virus pathogenesis, population dynamics, host barriers, and antiviral drug resistance. Her laboratory uses a variety of model viruses including poliovirus, yellow fever virus, reovirus, and coxsackievirus B3. Her recent interests include examining the impact of intestinal microbiota on enteric virus infections and how neurotropic viruses are transported in the nervous system. Dr. Pfeiffer was named a Pew Scholar in 2007, a Kavli Fellow in 2010, and a Burroughs Wellcome Fund Investigator of the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease in 2012. Other honors include delivering plenary lectures at the American Society for Virology Conference, the Swedish Society for Virology Conference, the European Academy of Microbiology, the European Congress of Virology, a Naito Conference, a Titisee Conference, the NIAID postdoctoral fellows retreat, and a NIH symposium to honor the late Ruth L. Kirschstein.
Dr. Pfeiffer teaches virology to medical students and graduate students. She developed a series of “science survival skills” lectures to augment graduate education. She is a member of the American Society for Virology and the American Society for Microbiology. In addition to serving on the Annual Review of Virology Editorial Board, Dr. Pfeiffer is on the Editorial Advisory Board for ASM’s Microbe magazine, and is an Associate Editor at the Journal of Virology for “Gems” articles.
Erica Ollmann Saphire
Erica Ollmann Saphire, PhD is a Professor of Immunology and Microbial Science at The Scripps Research Institute in La Jolla, California. She combines structural biology, virology, and immunology to understand and defeat viral pathogens, revealing the molecular basis of viral pathogenesis and providing clear roadmaps for medical defense. Her team has exposed the structures of viral surface glycoproteins; mapped the binding sites of key neutralizing antibodies; solved the structure of the intact human antibody; revealed molecular mechanisms of innate immunosuppression by different virus families; and illustrated how some viruses bind their genomes, assemble their shells, and broadcast progeny virions. A recent discovery expanded the central dogma of molecular biology by proving that certain viral proteins actually rearrange into different structures at different times for different functions in order to extend the functional complexity of their compact genomes.
Her work has been recognized with the Presidential Early Career Award in Science and Engineering, an Investigators in the Pathogenesis of Infectious Disease and a Career Award in the Biomedical Sciences from the Burroughs Wellcome Fund; by young investigator awards from the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and the American Society of Microbiology; and by the Surhain Sidhu award for the most outstanding contribution to the field of diffraction by a person within five years of the PhD.
She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology, serves on the Scientific Leadership Board of the Global Virus Network, and is the Director of the Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Immunotherapeutic Consortium. This organization, the VIC, united the field into a single force to understand and provide antibody therapeutics against Ebola, Marburg, Lassa, and other viruses.
Paula Traktman
Dr. Paula Traktman, a native of New York City, received her AB from Harvard University in 1974 and her PhD from MIT in 1981. Her thesis work was performed in the laboratory of David Baltimore and focused on retrovirus assembly. Starting with her post-doctoral work in the laboratory of Bryan Roberts at Harvard Medical School, her focus shifted to the study of the poxvirus life cycle. Vaccinia virus, the prototypic poxvirus for experimental study, is a large dsDNA virus that replicates exclusively in the cytoplasm of infected cells. Vaccinia is a close relative of the etiological agent of smallpox and was used successfully in the worldwide vaccination campaign that led to the eradication of that pathogen.
In 1984 Dr. Traktman started her own laboratory at the Cornell University Medical College; most of her studies have involved the use of genetic, cell biological, and biochemical approaches to dissect replication of the vaccinia genome and morphogenesis of nascent virions. In 1997, Dr. Traktman moved to the Medical College of Wisconsin in Milwaukee, where she is the Walter Schroeder Professor and the Chairman of the Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics. In addition to pursuing her own research and her role as Chair, Paula has held a series of leadership roles as Director of the Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Senior Associate Dean for Research Development, and Associate Director of Basic Sciences in the Cancer Center.
Graduate education has been a major component of Dr. Traktman’s career, and she has personally trained more than 20 PhD students and a number of post-doctoral fellows. Dr. Traktman has served the broader virology community as a member of Editorial Boards and NIH grant review panels. She has also been actively involved in the American Society of Virology and most recently completed a one-year term as President of the Society. She has been a participant in and organizer of the biannual international Poxvirus Symposium and the Gordon Conference on “Viruses and Cells,” which she chaired in 2013. Dr. Traktman was elected as a fellow of the AAAS in 2007 and of the American Society for Microbiology in 2013.
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